Research & References
Original Work
Vertical Typography & Punctuation Rules
The canonical rules this project sets CJK text by · per-glyph orientation, tate-chu-yoko digits, punctuation verticalization, and 금칙/kinsoku line breaking · synthesized from KLREQ, JLREQ, and UAX #50. Install into any project with `npx verticallyworks add vertical-typography`.
Vertically Works: Design Exploration on Vertical Typography
The original exploration that spawned this project. Covers the motivation, historical context, and early design explorations for vertical UI.
Vertically Verse · iOS
The companion iOS scripture reader · a SwiftUI implementation of vertical-first interaction patterns.
CSS & Typography Specifications
CSS Writing Modes Level 4
The definitive specification for writing-mode, text-orientation, and direction properties. Essential for understanding how browsers implement vertical text.
CSS Text Level 4: Tate-chu-yoko
Specification for tate-chu-yoko (縦中横) · upright horizontal text within a vertical line · critical for verse numbers and date formatting.
Unicode Standard Annex #9: Bidirectional Algorithm
The algorithm that governs how text of mixed directionality renders. Understanding this is necessary for mixed CJK/Latin content in vertical contexts.
Unicode Standard Annex #50: Vertical Text Layout
Defines the orientation behavior (upright vs. rotated) for every Unicode character in a vertical layout. The canonical reference for glyph orientation decisions.
Design System References
Material Design: Bidirectionality
Google's treatment of RTL layout adaptation in Material Design. Useful as a contrast · it handles bidirectionality but not vertical writing systems.
Human Interface Guidelines: Localization
Apple's guidance on adapting interfaces for international audiences. Notable for what it does not cover: vertical text as a primary reading mode.